Nuclear Chemistry

Biography

Biography: Albina Orlova

Abstract

Safety improvement in management of radwaste is an actual problem on the final stage of the nuclear fuel cycle. There are 450 operating nuclear reactors in the world, and 67 more are being built. In the guidelines for the management of highly radioactive waste, developed by IAEA for countries-participants, a special place is given to ceramic materials based on inorganic compounds of oxide and salt character. Ceramics are recommended with a variety of structural forms, about 30 crystal modifications. Nature similarity as a key principle of technological advances of the 21^st century, including of course the materials sciences, is used by us as the base for development of mineral-like materials for nuclear technology. The report presents our data on the structural-chemical modeling of various phases of different complexity of chemical compositions with the structures of minerals kosnarite, langbeinite, monazite, whitlokite, chlorapatite, pollucite, fluorite, garnet; their synthesis in the form of nano-powders and almost non-porous ceramics and also the results of stability studies. The prepared compounds were characterized by XRD, DSC, IR methods and were tested under heating, radiation and in aqueous systems. It was confirmed the formation of com-pounds with the proposed structures. The temperature regions of their existence were established. The results of leaching and irradiation with accelerated Хе-ions are presented. To improve stability and therefore enhance the ecological safety barrier in the storage and disposal of radwaste, we apply Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method to synthesize the ceramics. This technology provides a ceramic sintering within 3 to 12 minutes, with a density close to theoretical value. Small duration of sintering of nuclear materials is a significant factor in reducing the risk of release of radio-nuclides to environment.